guides/features: add document for how to gracefully shutdown server

content/en/docs/guides/server-graceful-stop.md

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+---
+title: GracefulStop
+description: >-
+  Explains how to gracefully shut down a gRPC server.
+---
+
+### Overview
+
+gRPC servers often need to shut down gracefully, ensuring that in-flight RPCs
+are completed within a reasonable timeframe and new RPCs are no longer
+accepted. `GracefulStop()` facilitates this process, allowing the server to
+transition smoothly without abruptly terminating active connections.
+
+When `GracefulStop()` is called, the server immediately stops accepting new
+RPCs. In-flight RPCs are allowed to continue until they complete or a specified
+deadline is reached. Once all active RPCs finish or the deadline expires, the
+server shuts down completely.
+
+For detailed semantics see [this][grpc doc].
+
+### How to use Wait-for-Ready
+
+The exact implementation of `GracefulStop()` varies depending on the
+programming language you are using. However, the general pattern
+involves:
+
+- Initiating the graceful shutdown process by calling `GracefulStop()` on your
+  gRPC server object. This function blocks until all currently running RPCs
+  completed. This ensures that in-flight requests are allowed to finish
+  processing.
+- Specify a timeout period to limit the time allowed for in-progress RPCs to
+  finish. It's crucial to call `Stop()` on server object with a timeout before
+  calling `GracefulStop()`. This acts as a safety net, ensuring that the server
+  eventually shuts down even if some in-flight RPCs don't complete within a
+  reasonable timeframe.  This prevents indefinite blocking.
+
+The following shows the sequence of events that occur, when a server graceful
+shutdown is invoked while active RPCs are being process and client is sending
+new RPCs.
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+Client->>Server: New RPC Request 1
+Client->>Server: New RPC Request 2
+Server->>Client: Processing RPC 1
+Server->>Client: Processing RPC 2
+Server-->>Server: GracefulStop() Invoked
+Server->>Client: Continues Processing In-Flight RPCs
+Client->>Server: New RPC Request 3 (Rejected)
+alt RPCs complete within timeout
+    Server->>Client: Completes RPC 1
+    Server->>Client: Completes RPC 2
+    Server-->>Server: Shutdown Complete
+    Client->>Server: New RPC Request 4 (Rejected)
+else Timeout reached
+    Server->>Client: RPC 2 and other pending RPCs forcefully terminated
+    Server-->>Server: Shutdown Complete
+    Client->>Server: New RPC Request 4 (Rejected)
+end
+```
+The following is a state based view
+```mermaid
+stateDiagram-v2
+    [*] --> RUNNING : Server Started
+    RUNNING --> GRACEFUL_STOP_INITIATED : GracefulStop() Called (with Timeout)
+    GRACEFUL_STOP_INITIATED --> GRACEFUL_STOPPING : Reject New RPCs
+    GRACEFUL_STOPPING --> TERMINATED : Complete In-Flight RPCs (Before Timeout)
+    GRACEFUL_STOPPING --> FORCE_STOP : Timeout Reached
+    FORCE_STOP --> TERMINATED : Force Terminate Pending RPCs and Shutdown
+```
+
+### Alternatives
+
+- Forceful Shutdown: Immediately terminates the server using `Stop()` on server
+  object, potentially interrupting active RPCs and leading to errors on the
+  client-side. Use only as a last resort.
+
+### Language Support
+
+| Language | Example           |
+|----------|-------------------|
+| Java     |                   |
+| Go       | [Go example]      |
+| Python   |                   |
+
+[Go example]: https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/tree/master/examples/features/gracefulstop
+[grpc doc]: https://github.com/grpc/grpc/blob/master/doc/server-graceful-stop.md