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<a class="article-title" href="/2024/01/05/1/">嵌入式学习规划</a>
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<p>在这里记录自己的嵌入式学习方向和成果，只做大方向的规划，目前学习规划如下：</p>
<ul>
<li><p><em><strong>√</strong></em> linux基础学习 </p>
</li>
<li><p><em><strong>√</strong></em> arm裸机开发（使用正点原子IMX6ULL的板子）</p>
</li>
<li><p>√ linux的系统移植</p>
</li>
<li><p>√ Linux核心驱动开发</p>
</li>
<li><p>√ qt</p>
</li>
<li><p>√ linuxc应用编程</p>
</li>
<li><p>【doing】linux内核源码分析（主要通过以下两本书并结合linux源码进行学习）：</p>
<ul>
<li>linux内核设计与实现（在看）</li>
<li>深入理解linux内核</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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<a class="article-title" href="/2024/09/21/lwip/">LWIP网络协议栈学习</a>
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<time datetime="2024-09-21T13:51:46.000Z" itemprop="datePublished"><i class="icon-calendar icon"></i>2024-09-21</time>
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<h1 id="lwip"><a href="#lwip" class="headerlink" title="lwip"></a>lwip</h1><h2 id="lwip协议栈内存管理"><a href="#lwip协议栈内存管理" class="headerlink" title="lwip协议栈内存管理"></a>lwip协议栈内存管理</h2><p>pbuf 结构体：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="title">pbuf</span> {</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/** next pbuf in singly linked pbuf chain */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="title">pbuf</span> *<span class="title">next</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/** pointer to the actual data in the buffer */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">void</span> *payload;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * total length of this buffer and all next buffers in chain</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * belonging to the same packet.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * For non-queue packet chains this is the invariant:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * p->tot_len == p->len + (p->next? p->next->tot_len: 0)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">u16_t</span> tot_len;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/** length of this buffer */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">u16_t</span> len;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/** pbuf_type as u8_t instead of enum to save space */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">u8_t</span> <span class="comment">/*pbuf_type*/</span> type;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/** misc flags */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">u8_t</span> flags;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * the reference count always equals the number of pointers</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * that refer to this pbuf. This can be pointers from an application,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * the stack itself, or pbuf->next pointers from a chain.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">u16_t</span> ref;</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>next:链表</li>
<li>payload： 存放网络数据包的 </li>
<li>len：可变空间大小</li>
<li>tot_len：整个链表下一个节点之后的总长度大小</li>
<li>type：4种pbuf类型</li>
<li>ref：引用标志</li>
</ul>
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<a class="article-more-a" href="/2024/09/21/lwip/">展开全文 >></a>
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<a class="article-title" href="/2024/09/01/aarch64/">AARCH64架构学习</a>
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<h1 id="AARCH64学习"><a href="#AARCH64学习" class="headerlink" title="AARCH64学习"></a>AARCH64学习</h1><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://armv8-doc.readthedocs.io/en/latest/03.html">参考</a></p>
<h2 id="armv8基础知识"><a href="#armv8基础知识" class="headerlink" title="armv8基础知识"></a>armv8基础知识</h2><p>armv8中，执行发生在4个异常级别之一，在aarch64中，异常级别决定了特权级别，类似于armv7中定义的特权级别，异常级别决定特权级别，因此在Eln执行对于特权Pln。类似地，具有比另一个更大的n值的异常级别处于更高的异常级别，一个数字比另一个小的异常级别被描述为处于较低的异常级别。</p>
<ul>
<li>EL0 ：normal user app</li>
<li>EL1：Operation system kernel typically described as privileged</li>
<li>EL2：Hypervisor</li>
<li>EL3：Low-level firmware，including the Secure Monitor<img src="https://zhujialetypora.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/typora/202409032044334.png" alt="image-20220314223244988"></li>
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<a class="article-title" href="/2024/08/26/arm/">arm32架构</a>
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<h1 id="arm架构学习"><a href="#arm架构学习" class="headerlink" title="arm架构学习"></a>arm架构学习</h1><p><strong>工作模式</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><p>User ：用户模式，一般在执行上层应用程序的时候处于该模式（和linux用户态和内核态无关）</p>
</li>
<li><p>Fiq 快速中断模式</p>
</li>
<li><p>IRQ：中断模式</p>
</li>
<li><p>SVC：当复位或执行软中断指令后arm进入这种模式（例如刚上电或者软中断执行的时候处于该模式）</p>
</li>
<li><p>Abort： 当产生存取异常时进入这种模式</p>
</li>
<li><p>Undef： 当执行未定义的指令时ARM将进入这种模式</p>
</li>
<li><p>System： 使用和User模式相同的寄存器集的特权模式</p>
</li>
<li><p>Monitor：为了安全而拓展出的用于执行安全监控代码的模式</p>
</li>
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<p>Linux驱动开发和裸机开发的区别**</p>
<ol>
<li>裸机开发：<ol>
<li>底层，和寄存器打交道，有些MCU提供库</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>驱动开发思维：<ol>
<li>直接操纵寄存器不太现实</li>
<li>根据Linux下的各种驱动框架进行开发，一定要满足框架，也就是Linux各种驱动框架的掌握</li>
<li>驱动最终表现就是/dev/xxx文件。打开，关闭，读写。。。</li>
<li>现在新的内核支持设备树，这是一个.dts文件，此文件描述了板子的设备信息</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Linux驱动开发分类：<ol>
<li>字符设备驱动：最多的</li>
<li>块设备驱动：存储</li>
<li>网络设备驱动<br>==一个设备不一定只属于摸某一个类型==</li>
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<h1 id="系统移植"><a href="#系统移植" class="headerlink" title="系统移植"></a>系统移植</h1><ul>
<li>Windows下使用OTG烧写系统<ol>
<li>在Windows使用NXP提供的mfgtool来向开发板烧写系统，需要用先将开发板的USB_OTG链接到电脑上</li>
<li>mfgtool工具是向板子先下载一个linux系统，然后通过系统完成烧写工作</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Ubuntu下通过脚本烧写系统<ol>
<li>首先向SD卡烧写一个系统，然后使用SD卡启动，启动以后在Linux中执行烧写到EMMC或NAND中</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="Uboot"><a href="#Uboot" class="headerlink" title="Uboot"></a>Uboot</h2><p>Uboot是一个裸机程序，比较复杂，就是一个bootloader。作用就是用于启动Linux或其他系统，Uboot最主要的工作就是初始化DDR（Linux的运行是运行在DDR里面的），一般linux镜像zimage（uimage）+设备树（.dtb）存放在SD，EMMC,NAND,SPI FLASH等等外置存储区域。</p>
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<h1 id="ARM裸机"><a href="#ARM裸机" class="headerlink" title="ARM裸机"></a>ARM裸机</h1><h2 id="汇编LED驱动实验"><a href="#汇编LED驱动实验" class="headerlink" title="汇编LED驱动实验"></a>汇编LED驱动实验</h2><h3 id="汇编LED原理分析"><a href="#汇编LED原理分析" class="headerlink" title="汇编LED原理分析"></a>汇编LED原理分析</h3><ol>
<li>ALPHA开发板LED灯硬件原理分析<br>stm32初始化流程：<ol>
<li>使能GPIO时钟</li>
<li>设置IO复用，将其复用为GPIO</li>