Improve perfect hashing

[tdewolff]

From tdewolff/parse#62

Quickly map []byte to numbers from 0 to N, for a pre-defined set of N strings. Make []byte => Hash fast. Move the Hasher code into this repository.

Hash the []byte, check if it is lower than N, if so verify that it is the same string using bytes.Equal. The latter could be skipped if we are sure there are no collisions below a certain length of input bytes (can we optimize the search for hash seeds for this?).

Promising hash functions are https://github.com/dgryski/go-metro, https://github.com/dgryski/go-farm, and https://github.com/cespare/xxhash. Especially farm seems to be fast for short strings (len < 50).

See http://aras-p.info/blog/2016/08/09/More-Hash-Function-Tests/ for comparisons.