Replace poetry with uv

[ElliottKasoar]

Discussed in #351

^{Originally posted by ElliottKasoar November 15, 2024}
As we increase the number of dependencies, I'm increasingly questioning the suitability of poetry for our dependency management.

In particular, the performance for resolving dependencies is becoming quite slow e.g. 1-5 minutes, and we're limited by the flexibility of optional dependencies, as I believe that poetry requires consistency between all extras, even if they're not installed, which may prevent us supporting/upgrading further MLIPs.

It's also worth noting that poetry 2.0 is on its way, with full PEP 621 support, which may include other improvements, but also means we may need to restructure pyproject.toml anyway.

In terms of improving efficiency, uv seems like a promising potential alternative, but I'm not sure whether it is sufficiently flexible or mature.

Any other suggestions are welcome.