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困难
字符串
动态规划

English Version

题目描述

给你两个字符串 s t ,统计并返回在 s子序列t 出现的个数,结果需要对 109 + 7 取模。

 

示例 1:

输入:s = "rabbbit", t = "rabbit"
输出3
解释:
如下所示, 有 3 种可以从 s 中得到 "rabbit" 的方案rabbbit
rabbbit
rabbbit

示例 2:

输入:s = "babgbag", t = "bag"
输出5
解释:
如下所示, 有 5 种可以从 s 中得到 "bag" 的方案babgbag
babgbag
babgbag
babgbag
babgbag

 

提示:

  • 1 <= s.length, t.length <= 1000
  • st 由英文字母组成

解法

方法一:动态规划

我们定义 $f[i][j]$ 表示字符串 $s$ 的前 $i$ 个字符中,子序列构成字符串 $t$ 的前 $j$ 个字符的方案数。初始时 $f[i][0]=1$,其中 $i \in [0,m]$

$i \gt 0$ 时,考虑 $f[i][j]$ 的计算:

  • $s[i-1] \ne t[j-1]$ 时,不能选取 $s[i-1]$,因此 $f[i][j]=f[i-1][j]$
  • 否则,可以选取 $s[i-1]$,此时 $f[i][j]=f[i-1][j-1]$

因此我们有如下的状态转移方程:

$$ f[i][j]=\left{ \begin{aligned} &f[i-1][j], &s[i-1] \ne t[j-1] \\ &f[i-1][j-1]+f[i-1][j], &s[i-1]=t[j-1] \end{aligned} \right. $$

最终的答案即为 $f[m][n]$,其中 $m$$n$ 分别是字符串 $s$$t$ 的长度。

时间复杂度 $O(m \times n)$,空间复杂度 $O(m \times n)$

我们注意到 $f[i][j]$ 的计算只和 $f[i-1][..]$ 有关,因此,我们可以优化掉第一维,这样空间复杂度可以降低到 $O(n)$

Python3

class Solution:
    def numDistinct(self, s: str, t: str) -> int:
        m, n = len(s), len(t)
        f = [[0] * (n + 1) for _ in range(m + 1)]
        for i in range(m + 1):
            f[i][0] = 1
        for i, a in enumerate(s, 1):
            for j, b in enumerate(t, 1):
                f[i][j] = f[i - 1][j]
                if a == b:
                    f[i][j] += f[i - 1][j - 1]
        return f[m][n]

Java

class Solution {
    public int numDistinct(String s, String t) {
        int m = s.length(), n = t.length();
        int[][] f = new int[m + 1][n + 1];
        for (int i = 0; i < m + 1; ++i) {
            f[i][0] = 1;
        }
        for (int i = 1; i < m + 1; ++i) {
            for (int j = 1; j < n + 1; ++j) {
                f[i][j] = f[i - 1][j];
                if (s.charAt(i - 1) == t.charAt(j - 1)) {
                    f[i][j] += f[i - 1][j - 1];
                }
            }
        }
        return f[m][n];
    }
}

C++

class Solution {
public:
    int numDistinct(string s, string t) {
        int m = s.size(), n = t.size();
        unsigned long long f[m + 1][n + 1];
        memset(f, 0, sizeof(f));
        for (int i = 0; i < m + 1; ++i) {
            f[i][0] = 1;
        }
        for (int i = 1; i < m + 1; ++i) {
            for (int j = 1; j < n + 1; ++j) {
                f[i][j] = f[i - 1][j];
                if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {
                    f[i][j] += f[i - 1][j - 1];
                }
            }
        }
        return f[m][n];
    }
};

Go

func numDistinct(s string, t string) int {
	m, n := len(s), len(t)
	f := make([][]int, m+1)
	for i := range f {
		f[i] = make([]int, n+1)
	}
	for i := 0; i <= m; i++ {
		f[i][0] = 1
	}
	for i := 1; i <= m; i++ {
		for j := 1; j <= n; j++ {
			f[i][j] = f[i-1][j]
			if s[i-1] == t[j-1] {
				f[i][j] += f[i-1][j-1]
			}
		}
	}
	return f[m][n]
}

TypeScript

function numDistinct(s: string, t: string): number {
    const m = s.length;
    const n = t.length;
    const f: number[][] = new Array(m + 1).fill(0).map(() => new Array(n + 1).fill(0));
    for (let i = 0; i <= m; ++i) {
        f[i][0] = 1;
    }
    for (let i = 1; i <= m; ++i) {
        for (let j = 1; j <= n; ++j) {
            f[i][j] = f[i - 1][j];
            if (s[i - 1] === t[j - 1]) {
                f[i][j] += f[i - 1][j - 1];
            }
        }
    }
    return f[m][n];
}

Rust

impl Solution {
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    pub fn num_distinct(s: String, t: String) -> i32 {
        let n = s.len();
        let m = t.len();
        let mut dp: Vec<Vec<u64>> = vec![vec![0; m + 1]; n + 1];

        // Initialize the dp vector
        for i in 0..=n {
            dp[i][0] = 1;
        }

        // Begin the actual dp process
        for i in 1..=n {
            for j in 1..=m {
                dp[i][j] = if s.as_bytes()[i - 1] == t.as_bytes()[j - 1] {
                    dp[i - 1][j] + dp[i - 1][j - 1]
                } else {
                    dp[i - 1][j]
                };
            }
        }

        dp[n][m] as i32
    }
}

方法二

Python3

class Solution:
    def numDistinct(self, s: str, t: str) -> int:
        n = len(t)
        f = [1] + [0] * n
        for a in s:
            for j in range(n, 0, -1):
                if a == t[j - 1]:
                    f[j] += f[j - 1]
        return f[n]

Java

class Solution {
    public int numDistinct(String s, String t) {
        int n = t.length();
        int[] f = new int[n + 1];
        f[0] = 1;
        for (char a : s.toCharArray()) {
            for (int j = n; j > 0; --j) {
                char b = t.charAt(j - 1);
                if (a == b) {
                    f[j] += f[j - 1];
                }
            }
        }
        return f[n];
    }
}

C++

class Solution {
public:
    int numDistinct(string s, string t) {
        int n = t.size();
        unsigned long long f[n + 1];
        memset(f, 0, sizeof(f));
        f[0] = 1;
        for (char& a : s) {
            for (int j = n; j; --j) {
                char b = t[j - 1];
                if (a == b) {
                    f[j] += f[j - 1];
                }
            }
        }
        return f[n];
    }
};

Go

func numDistinct(s string, t string) int {
	n := len(t)
	f := make([]int, n+1)
	f[0] = 1
	for _, a := range s {
		for j := n; j > 0; j-- {
			if b := t[j-1]; byte(a) == b {
				f[j] += f[j-1]
			}
		}
	}
	return f[n]
}

TypeScript

function numDistinct(s: string, t: string): number {
    const n = t.length;
    const f: number[] = new Array(n + 1).fill(0);
    f[0] = 1;
    for (const a of s) {
        for (let j = n; j; --j) {
            const b = t[j - 1];
            if (a === b) {
                f[j] += f[j - 1];
            }
        }
    }
    return f[n];
}