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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-US">
<head>
<title>ReadMe for ICU 68.1</title>
<meta name="COPYRIGHT" content=
"Copyright (C) 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others. License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html"/>
<!-- meta name="COPYRIGHT" content=
"Copyright (c) 1997-2016 IBM Corporation and others. All Rights Reserved." / -->
<meta name="KEYWORDS" content=
"ICU; International Components for Unicode; ICU4C; what's new; readme; read me; introduction; downloads; downloading; building; installation;" />
<meta name="DESCRIPTION" content=
"The introduction to the International Components for Unicode with instructions on building, installation, usage and other information about ICU." />
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<link type="text/css" href="./icu4c.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
</head>
<!--
classes to use with the "body" -
draft - if the release note is itself a draft (May be combined with the other two)
rc - if the release note is a release candidate
milestone - if the release note is a milestone release
-->
<body>
<!-- <body class="rc"> -->
<p class="only-draft"><b>Note:</b> This is a draft readme.</p>
<h1>
<span class="only-draft">DRAFT</span>
International Components for Unicode<br/>
<span class="only-rc">Release Candidate</span>
<!-- <span class="only-milestone">(Milestone Release)</span> -->
<span class="only-milestone">(Preview Release)</span>
<abbr title="International Components for Unicode">ICU</abbr> 68.1 ReadMe
</h1>
<!-- Most of the time we shouldn't need to comment/uncomment this paragraph, just change the body class -->
<!-- <p class="note only-milestone">This is a development milestone release of ICU
This milestone is intended for those wishing to get an early look at new features and API changes.
It is not recommended for production use.</p> -->
<p class="note only-milestone">This is a preview release of ICU.
It is not recommended for production use.</p>
<!-- Shouldn't need to comment/uncomment this paragraph, just change the body class -->
<p class="note only-rc">This is a release candidate version of ICU4C.
It is not recommended for production use.</p>
<p>Last updated: 2020-Oct-01<br/>
Copyright © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others. License & terms of use:
<a href="http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html">http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html</a><br/>
Copyright © 1997-2016 International Business Machines Corporation and others.
All Rights Reserved.</p>
<!-- Remember that there is a copyright at the end too -->
<hr/>
<h2 class="TOC">Table of Contents</h2>
<ul class="TOC">
<li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#GettingStarted">Getting Started</a></li>
<li><a href="#News">What Is New In This Release?</a></li>
<li><a href="#Download">How To Download the Source Code</a></li>
<li><a href="#SourceCode">ICU Source Code Organization</a></li>
<li>
<a href="#HowToBuild">How To Build And Install ICU</a>
<ul >
<li><a href="#RecBuild">Recommended Build Options</a></li>
<li><a href="#UserConfig">User-Configurable Settings</a></li>
<li><a href="#HowToBuildWindows">Windows</a></li>
<li><a href="#HowToBuildCygwin">Cygwin</a></li>
<li><a href="#HowToBuildUNIX">UNIX</a></li>
<li><a href="#HowToBuildZOS">z/OS (os/390)</a></li>
<li><a href="#HowToBuildOS400">IBM i family (IBM i, i5/OS, OS/400)</a></li>
<li><a href="#HowToCrossCompileICU">How to Cross Compile ICU</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#HowToPackage">How To Package ICU</a></li>
<li>
<a href="#ImportantNotes">Important Notes About Using ICU</a>
<ul >
<li><a href="#ImportantNotesMultithreaded">Using ICU in a Multithreaded
Environment</a></li>
<li><a href="#ImportantNotesWindows">Windows Platform</a></li>
<li><a href="#ImportantNotesUNIX">UNIX Type Platforms</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#PlatformDependencies">Platform Dependencies</a>
<ul >
<li><a href="#PlatformDependenciesNew">Porting To A New
Platform</a></li>
<li><a href="#PlatformDependenciesImpl">Platform Dependent
Implementations</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h2><a name="Introduction" href="#Introduction" id=
"Introduction">Introduction</a></h2>
<p>Today's software market is a global one in which it is desirable to
develop and maintain one application (single source/single binary) that
supports a wide variety of languages. The International Components for
Unicode (ICU) libraries provide robust and full-featured Unicode services on
a wide variety of platforms to help this design goal. The ICU libraries
provide support for:</p>
<ul>
<li>The latest version of the Unicode standard</li>
<li>Character set conversions with support for over 220 codepages</li>
<li>Locale data for more than 300 locales</li>
<li>Language sensitive text collation (sorting) and searching based on the
Unicode Collation Algorithm (=ISO 14651)</li>
<li>Regular expression matching and Unicode sets</li>
<li>Transformations for normalization, upper/lowercase, script
transliterations (50+ pairs)</li>
<li>Resource bundles for storing and accessing localized information</li>
<li>Date/Number/Message formatting and parsing of culture specific
input/output formats</li>
<li>Calendar specific date and time manipulation</li>
<li>Text boundary analysis for finding characters, word and sentence
boundaries</li>
</ul>
<p>ICU has a sister project ICU4J that extends the internationalization
capabilities of Java to a level similar to ICU. The ICU C/C++ project is also
called ICU4C when a distinction is necessary.</p>
<h2><a name="GettingStarted" href="#GettingStarted" id=
"GettingStarted">Getting started</a></h2>
<p>This document describes how to build and install ICU on your machine. For
other information about ICU please see the following table of links.<br />
The ICU homepage also links to related information about writing
internationalized software.</p>
<table class="docTable" summary="These are some useful links regarding ICU and internationalization in general.">
<caption>
Here are some useful links regarding ICU and internationalization in
general.
</caption>
<tr>
<td>ICU, ICU4C & ICU4J Homepage</td>
<td><a href=
"http://icu-project.org/">http://icu-project.org/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions about ICU</td>
<td><a href=
"https://unicode-org.github.io/icu/userguide/icufaq">https://unicode-org.github.io/icu/userguide/icufaq</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ICU User's Guide</td>
<td><a href=
"https://unicode-org.github.io/icu/userguide/">https://unicode-org.github.io/icu/userguide/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>How To Use ICU</td>
<td><a href=
"https://unicode-org.github.io/icu/userguide/howtouseicu">https://unicode-org.github.io/icu/userguide/howtouseicu</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Download ICU Releases</td>
<td><a href=
"http://site.icu-project.org/download">http://site.icu-project.org/download</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ICU4C API Documentation Online</td>
<td><a href=
"http://icu-project.org/apiref/icu4c/">http://icu-project.org/apiref/icu4c/</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Online ICU Demos</td>
<td><a href=
"http://demo.icu-project.org/icu-bin/icudemos">http://demo.icu-project.org/icu-bin/icudemos</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Contacts and Bug Reports/Feature Requests</td>
<td><a href=
"http://site.icu-project.org/contacts">http://site.icu-project.org/contacts</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><strong>Important:</strong> Please make sure you understand the <a href=
"http://source.icu-project.org/repos/icu/trunk/icu4c/LICENSE">Copyright and License Information</a>.</p>
<h2><a name="News" href="#News" id="News">What Is New In This Release?</a></h2>
<p>See the <a href="http://site.icu-project.org/download/68">ICU 68 download page</a>
for more information on this release, including any other changes, bug fixes, known issues,
changes to supported platforms and build environments,
and migration issues for existing applications migrating from previous ICU releases.</p>
<p>See the <a href="APIChangeReport.html">API Change Report</a> for a complete list of
APIs added, removed, or changed in this release.</p>
<p><a name="RecentPreviousChanges" id="RecentPreviousChanges"></a>For
changes in previous releases, see the
main <a href="http://site.icu-project.org/download">ICU download page</a>
with its version-specific subpages.</p>
<h2><a name="Download" href="#Download" id="Download">How To Download the
Source Code</a></h2>
<p>There are two ways to download ICU releases:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Official Release Snapshot:</strong><br />
If you want to use ICU (as opposed to developing it), you should download
an official packaged version of the ICU source code. These versions are
tested more thoroughly than day-to-day development builds of the system,
and they are packaged in zip and tar files for convenient download. These
packaged files can be found at <a href=
"http://site.icu-project.org/download">http://site.icu-project.org/download</a>.<br />
The packaged snapshots are named <strong>icu-nnnn.zip</strong> or
<strong>icu-nnnn.tgz</strong>, where nnnn is the version number. The .zip
file is used for Windows platforms, while the .tgz file is preferred on
most other platforms.<br />
Please unzip this file. </li>
<li><strong>GitHub Source Repository:</strong><br />
If you are interested in developing features, patches, or bug fixes for
ICU, you should probably be working with the latest version of the ICU
source code. You will need to clone and checkout the code from our GitHub repository to
ensure that you have the most recent version of all of the files. See our
<a href="http://site.icu-project.org/repository">source
repository</a> for details.</li>
</ul>
<h2><a name="SourceCode" href="#SourceCode" id="SourceCode">ICU Source Code
Organization</a></h2>
<p>In the descriptions below, <strong><i><ICU></i></strong> is the full
path name of the ICU directory (the top level directory from the distribution
archives) in your file system. You can also view the <a href=
"https://unicode-org.github.io/icu/userguide/design">ICU Architectural
Design</a> section of the User's Guide to see which libraries you need for
your software product. You need at least the data (<code>[lib]icudt</code>)
and the common (<code>[lib]icuuc</code>) libraries in order to use ICU.</p>
<table class="docTable" summary="The following files describe the code drop.">
<caption>
The following files describe the code drop.
</caption>
<tr>
<th scope="col">File</th>
<th scope="col">Description</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>readme.html</td>
<td>Describes the International Components for Unicode (this file)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LICENSE</td>
<td>Contains the text of the ICU license</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><br />
</p>
<table class="docTable" summary=
"The following directories contain source code and data files.">
<caption>
The following directories contain source code and data files.
</caption>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Directory</th>
<th scope="col">Description</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i><ICU></i>/source/<b>common</b>/</td>
<td>The core Unicode and support functionality, such as resource bundles,
character properties, locales, codepage conversion, normalization,
Unicode properties, Locale, and UnicodeString.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i><ICU></i>/source/<b>i18n</b>/</td>
<td>Modules in i18n are generally the more data-driven, that is to say
resource bundle driven, components. These deal with higher-level
internationalization issues such as formatting, collation, text break
analysis, and transliteration.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i><ICU></i>/source/<b>layoutex</b>/</td>
<td>Contains the ICU paragraph layout engine.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i><ICU></i>/source/<b>io</b>/</td>
<td>Contains the ICU I/O library.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i><ICU></i>/source/<b>data</b>/</td>
<td>
<p>This directory contains the source data in text format, which is
compiled into binary form during the ICU build process. It contains
several subdirectories, in which the data files are grouped by
function. Note that the build process must be run again after any
changes are made to this directory.</p>
<p>If some of the following directories are missing, it's probably
because you got an official download. If you need the data source files
for customization, then please download the complete ICU source code from <a
href="http://site.icu-project.org/repository">the ICU repository</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><b>in/</b> A directory that contains a pre-built data library for
ICU. A standard source code package will contain this file without
several of the following directories. This is to simplify the build
process for the majority of users and to reduce platform porting
issues.</li>
<li><b>brkitr/</b> Data files for character, word, sentence, title
casing and line boundary analysis.</li>
<li><b>coll/</b> Data for collation tailorings. The makefile
<b>colfiles.mk</b> contains the list of resource bundle files.</li>
<li><b>locales/</b> These .txt files contain ICU language and
culture-specific localization data. Two special bundles are
<b>root</b>, which is the fallback data and parent of other bundles,
and <b>index</b>, which contains a list of installed bundles. The
makefile <b>resfiles.mk</b> contains the list of resource bundle
files. Some of the locale data is split out into the type-specific
directories curr, lang, region, unit, and zone, described below.</li>
<li><b>curr/</b> Locale data for currency symbols and names (including
plural forms), with its own makefile <b>resfiles.mk</b>.</li>
<li><b>lang/</b> Locale data for names of languages, scripts, and locale
key names and values, with its own makefile <b>resfiles.mk</b>.</li>
<li><b>region/</b> Locale data for names of regions, with its own
makefile <b>resfiles.mk</b>.</li>
<li><b>unit/</b> Locale data for measurement unit patterns and names,
with its own makefile <b>resfiles.mk</b>.</li>
<li><b>zone/</b> Locale data for time zone names, with its own
makefile <b>resfiles.mk</b>.</li>
<li><b>mappings/</b> Here are the code page converter tables. These
.ucm files contain mappings to and from Unicode. These are compiled
into .cnv files. <b>convrtrs.txt</b> is the alias mapping table from
various converter name formats to ICU internal format and vice versa.
It produces cnvalias.icu. The makefiles <b>ucmfiles.mk,
ucmcore.mk,</b> and <b>ucmebcdic.mk</b> contain the list of
converters to be built.</li>
<li><b>translit/</b> This directory contains transliterator rules as
resource bundles, a makefile <b>trnsfiles.mk</b> containing the list
of installed system translitaration files, and as well the special
bundle <b>translit_index</b> which lists the system transliterator
aliases.</li>
<li><b>unidata/</b> This directory contains the Unicode data files.
Please see <a href=
"http://www.unicode.org/">http://www.unicode.org/</a> for more
information.</li>
<li><b>misc/</b> The misc directory contains other data files which
did not fit into the above categories, including time zone
information, region-specific data, and other data derived from CLDR
supplemental data.</li>
<li><b>out/</b> This directory contains the assembled memory mapped
files.</li>
<li><b>out/build/</b> This directory contains intermediate (compiled)
files, such as .cnv, .res, etc.</li>
</ul>
<p>If you are creating a special ICU build, you can set the ICU_DATA
environment variable to the out/ or the out/build/ directories, but
this is generally discouraged because most people set it incorrectly.
You can view the <a href=
"https://unicode-org.github.io/icu/userguide/icudata">ICU Data
Management</a> section of the ICU User's Guide for details.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i><ICU></i>/source/test/<b>intltest</b>/</td>
<td>A test suite including all C++ APIs. For information about running
the test suite, see the build instructions specific to your platform
later in this document.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i><ICU></i>/source/test/<b>cintltst</b>/</td>
<td>A test suite written in C, including all C APIs. For information
about running the test suite, see the build instructions specific to your
platform later in this document.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i><ICU></i>/source/test/<b>iotest</b>/</td>
<td>A test suite written in C and C++ to test the icuio library. For
information about running the test suite, see the build instructions
specific to your platform later in this document.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i><ICU></i>/source/test/<b>testdata</b>/</td>
<td>Source text files for data, which are read by the tests. It contains
the subdirectories <b>out/build/</b> which is used for intermediate
files, and <b>out/</b> which contains <b>testdata.dat.</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i><ICU></i>/source/<b>tools</b>/</td>
<td>Tools for generating the data files. Data files are generated by
invoking <i><ICU></i>/source/data/build/makedata.bat on Win32 or
<i><ICU></i>/source/make on UNIX.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i><ICU></i>/source/<b>samples</b>/</td>
<td>Various sample programs that use ICU</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i><ICU></i>/source/<b>extra</b>/</td>
<td>Non-supported API additions. Currently, it contains the 'uconv' tool
to perform codepage conversion on files.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i><ICU></i>/<b>packaging</b>/</td>
<td>This directory contain scripts and tools for packaging the final
ICU build for various release platforms.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i><ICU></i>/source/<b>config</b>/</td>
<td>Contains helper makefiles for platform specific build commands. Used
by 'configure'.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i><ICU></i>/source/<b>allinone</b>/</td>
<td>Contains top-level ICU workspace and project files, for instance to
build all of ICU under one MSVC project.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i><ICU></i>/<b>include</b>/</td>
<td>Contains the headers needed for developing software that uses ICU on
Windows.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i><ICU></i>/<b>lib</b>/</td>
<td>Contains the import libraries for linking ICU into your Windows
application.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><i><ICU></i>/<b>bin</b>/</td>
<td>Contains the libraries and executables for using ICU on Windows.</td>
</tr>
</table>
<!-- end of ICU structure ==================================== -->
<h2><a name="HowToBuild" href="#HowToBuild" id="HowToBuild">How To Build And
Install ICU</a></h2>
<h3><a name="RecBuild" href="#RecBuild" id=
"RecBuild">Recommended Build Options</a></h3>
<p>Depending on the platform and the type of installation,
we recommend a small number of modifications and build options.
Note that C99 compatibility is now required.</p>
<ul>
<li><b>Namespace (ICU 61 and later):</b>
Since ICU 61, call sites need to qualify ICU types explicitly,
for example <code>icu::UnicodeString</code>,
or do <code>using icu::UnicodeString;</code> where appropriate.
If your code relies on the "using namespace icu;" that used to be in unicode/uversion.h,
then you need to update your code.<br />
You could temporarily (until you have more time to update your code)
revert to the default "using"
via <code>-DU_USING_ICU_NAMESPACE=1</code>
or by modifying unicode/uversion.h:
<pre>Index: icu4c/source/common/unicode/uversion.h
===================================================================
--- icu4c/source/common/unicode/uversion.h (revision 40704)
+++ icu4c/source/common/unicode/uversion.h (working copy)
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
defined(U_LAYOUTEX_IMPLEMENTATION) || defined(U_TOOLUTIL_IMPLEMENTATION)
# define U_USING_ICU_NAMESPACE 0
# else
-# define U_USING_ICU_NAMESPACE 0
+# define U_USING_ICU_NAMESPACE 1
# endif
# endif
# if U_USING_ICU_NAMESPACE
</pre>
</li>
<li><b>Namespace (ICU 60 and earlier):</b> By default, unicode/uversion.h has
"using namespace icu;" which defeats much of the purpose of the namespace.
(This is for historical reasons: Originally, ICU4C did not use namespaces,
and some compilers did not support them. The default "using" statement
preserves source code compatibility.)<br />
You should turn this off
via <code>-DU_USING_ICU_NAMESPACE=0</code>
or by modifying unicode/uversion.h:
<pre>Index: source/common/unicode/uversion.h
===================================================================
--- source/common/unicode/uversion.h (revision 26606)
+++ source/common/unicode/uversion.h (working copy)
@@ -180,7 +180,8 @@
# define U_NAMESPACE_QUALIFIER U_ICU_NAMESPACE::
# ifndef U_USING_ICU_NAMESPACE
-# define U_USING_ICU_NAMESPACE 1
+ // Set to 0 to force namespace declarations in ICU usage.
+# define U_USING_ICU_NAMESPACE 0
# endif
# if U_USING_ICU_NAMESPACE
U_NAMESPACE_USE
</pre>
ICU call sites then either qualify ICU types explicitly,
for example <code>icu::UnicodeString</code>,
or do <code>using icu::UnicodeString;</code> where appropriate.</li>
<li><b>Hardcode the default charset to UTF-8:</b> On platforms where
the default charset is always UTF-8,
like MacOS X and some Linux distributions,
we recommend hardcoding ICU's default charset to UTF-8.
This means that some implementation code becomes simpler and faster,
and statically linked ICU libraries become smaller.
(See the <a href="http://icu-project.org/apiref/icu4c/platform_8h.html#a0a33e1edf3cd23d9e9c972b63c9f7943">U_CHARSET_IS_UTF8</a>
API documentation for more details.)<br />
You can <code>-DU_CHARSET_IS_UTF8=1</code> or
modify unicode/utypes.h (in ICU 4.8 and below)
or modify unicode/platform.h (in ICU 49 and higher):
<pre>Index: source/common/unicode/utypes.h
===================================================================
--- source/common/unicode/utypes.h (revision 26606)
+++ source/common/unicode/utypes.h (working copy)
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@
* @see UCONFIG_NO_CONVERSION
*/
#ifndef U_CHARSET_IS_UTF8
-# define U_CHARSET_IS_UTF8 0
+# define U_CHARSET_IS_UTF8 1
#endif
/*===========================================================================*/
</pre></li>
<li><b>UnicodeString constructors:</b> The UnicodeString class has
several single-argument constructors that are not marked "explicit"
for historical reasons.
This can lead to inadvertent construction of a <code>UnicodeString</code>
with a single character by using an integer,
and it can lead to inadvertent dependency on the conversion framework
by using a C string literal.<br />
Beginning with ICU 49, you should do the following:
<ul>
<li>Consider marking the from-<code>UChar</code>
and from-<code>UChar32</code> constructors explicit via
<code>-DUNISTR_FROM_CHAR_EXPLICIT=explicit</code> or similar.</li>
<li>Consider marking the from-<code>const char*</code> and
from-<code>const UChar*</code> constructors explicit via
<code>-DUNISTR_FROM_STRING_EXPLICIT=explicit</code> or similar.</li>
</ul>
Note: The ICU test suites cannot be compiled with these settings.
</li>
<li><b>utf.h, utf8.h, utf16.h, utf_old.h:</b>
By default, utypes.h (and thus almost every public ICU header)
includes all of these header files.
Often, none of them are needed, or only one or two of them.
All of utf_old.h is deprecated or obsolete.<br />
Beginning with ICU 49,
you should define <code>U_NO_DEFAULT_INCLUDE_UTF_HEADERS</code> to 1
(via -D or uconfig.h, as above)
and include those header files explicitly that you actually need.<br />
Note: The ICU test suites cannot be compiled with this setting.</li>
<li><b>utf_old.h:</b>
All of utf_old.h is deprecated or obsolete.<br />
Beginning with ICU 60,
you should define <code>U_HIDE_OBSOLETE_UTF_OLD_H</code> to 1
(via -D or uconfig.h, as above).
Use of any of these macros should be replaced as noted
in the comments for the obsolete macro.<br />
Note: The ICU test suites <i>can</i> be compiled with this setting.</li>
<li><b>.dat file:</b> By default, the ICU data is built into
a shared library (DLL). This is convenient because it requires no
install-time or runtime configuration,
but the library is platform-specific and cannot be modified.
A .dat package file makes the opposite trade-off:
Platform-portable (except for endianness and charset family, which
can be changed with the icupkg tool)
and modifiable (also with the icupkg tool).
If a path is set, then single data files (e.g., .res files)
can be copied to that location to provide new locale data
or conversion tables etc.<br />
The only drawback with a .dat package file is that the application
needs to provide ICU with the file system path to the package file
(e.g., by calling <code>u_setDataDirectory()</code>)
or with a pointer to the data (<code>udata_setCommonData()</code>)
before other ICU API calls.
This is usually easy if ICU is used from an application where
<code>main()</code> takes care of such initialization.
It may be hard if ICU is shipped with
another shared library (such as the Xerces-C++ XML parser)
which does not control <code>main()</code>.<br />
See the <a href="https://unicode-org.github.io/icu/userguide/icudata">User Guide ICU Data</a>
chapter for more details.<br />
If possible, we recommend building the .dat package.
Specify <code>--with-data-packaging=archive</code>
on the configure command line, as in<br />
<code>runConfigureICU Linux --with-data-packaging=archive</code><br />
(Read the configure script's output for further instructions.
On Windows, the Visual Studio build generates both the .dat package
and the data DLL.)<br />
Be sure to install and use the tiny stubdata library
rather than the large data DLL.</li>
<li><b>Static libraries:</b> It may make sense to build the ICU code
into static libraries (.a) rather than shared libraries (.so/.dll).
Static linking reduces the overall size of the binary by removing
code that is never called.<br />
Example configure command line:<br />
<code>runConfigureICU Linux --enable-static --disable-shared</code></li>
<li><b>Out-of-source build:</b> It is usually desirable to keep the ICU
source file tree clean and have build output files written to
a different location. This is called an "out-of-source build".
Simply invoke the configure script from the target location:
<pre>~/icu$ git clone export https://github.com/unicode-org/icu.git
~/icu$ mkdir icu4c-build
~/icu$ cd icu4c-build
~/icu/icu4c-build$ ../icu/icu4c/source/runConfigureICU Linux
~/icu/icu4c-build$ make check</pre><br/>
(Note: this example shows a relative path to
<code>runConfigureICU</code>. If you experience difficulty,
try using an absolute path to <code>runConfigureICU</code>
instead.)
</li>
</ul>
<h4>ICU as a System-Level Library</h4>
<p>If ICU is installed as a system-level library, there are further
opportunities and restrictions to consider.
For details, see the <em>Using ICU as an Operating System Level Library</em>
section of the <a href="https://unicode-org.github.io/icu/userguide/design">User Guide ICU Architectural Design</a> chapter.</p>
<ul>
<li><b>Data path:</b> For a system-level library, it is best to load
ICU data from the .dat package file because the file system path
to the .dat package file can be hardcoded. ICU will automatically set
the path to the final install location using U_ICU_DATA_DEFAULT_DIR.
Alternatively, you can set <code>-DICU_DATA_DIR=/path/to/icu/data</code>
when building the ICU code. (Used by source/common/putil.c.)<br/>
Consider also setting <code>-DICU_NO_USER_DATA_OVERRIDE</code>
if you do not want the "ICU_DATA" environment variable to be used.
(An application can still override the data path via
<code>u_setDataDirectory()</code> or
<code>udata_setCommonData()</code>.</li>
<li><b>Hide draft API:</b> API marked with <code>@draft</code>
is new and not yet stable. Applications must not rely on unstable
APIs from a system-level library.
Define <code>U_HIDE_DRAFT_API</code>, <code>U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API</code>
and <code>U_HIDE_SYSTEM_API</code>
by modifying unicode/utypes.h before installing it.</li>
<li><b>Only C APIs:</b> Applications must not rely on C++ APIs from a
system-level library because binary C++ compatibility
across library and compiler versions is very hard to achieve.
Most ICU C++ APIs are in header files that contain a comment with
<code>\brief C++ API</code>.
Consider not installing these header files, or define <code>U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API</code>
to be <code>0</code> by modifying unicode/utypes.h before installing it.</li>
<li><b>Disable renaming:</b> By default, ICU library entry point names
have an ICU version suffix. Turn this off for a system-level installation,
to enable upgrading ICU without breaking applications. For example:<br />
<code>runConfigureICU Linux --disable-renaming</code><br />
The public header files from this configuration must be installed
for applications to include and get the correct entry point names.</li>
</ul>
<h3><a name="UserConfig" href="#UserConfig" id="UserConfig">User-Configurable Settings</a></h3>
<p>ICU4C can be customized via a number of user-configurable settings.
Many of them are controlled by preprocessor macros which are
defined in the <code>source/common/unicode/uconfig.h</code> header file.
Some turn off parts of ICU, for example conversion or collation,
trading off a smaller library for reduced functionality.
Other settings are recommended (see previous section)
but their default values are set for better source code compatibility.</p>
<p>In order to change such user-configurable settings, you can
either modify the <code>uconfig.h</code> header file by adding
a specific <code>#define ...</code> for one or more of the macros
before they are first tested,
or set the compiler's preprocessor flags (<code>CPPFLAGS</code>) to include
an equivalent <code>-D</code> macro definition.</p>
<h3><a name="HowToBuildWindows" href="#HowToBuildWindows" id=
"HowToBuildWindows">How To Build And Install On Windows</a></h3>
<p>Building International Components for Unicode requires:</p>
<ul>
<li>Microsoft Windows</li>
<li>Microsoft Visual C++ (part of <a href="https://www.visualstudio.com/">Visual Studio</a>) (from either Visual Studio 2015 or Visual Studio 2017)</li>
<li><i><b>Optional:</b></i> A version of the <a href="https://developer.microsoft.com/windows/downloads">Windows 10 SDK</a> (if you want to build the UWP projects)</li>
</ul>
<p class="note"><a href="#HowToBuildCygwin">Cygwin</a> is required if using a version of MSVC other than the one
compatible with the supplied project files or if other compilers are used to build ICU. (e.g. GCC)</p>
<p>The steps are:</p>
<ol>
<li>Unzip the <tt>icu-XXXX.zip</tt> file into any convenient location.<br/>
<ul class="no-left-margin">
<li>You can use the built-in zip functionality of Windows Explorer to do this.
Right-click on the .zip file and choose the "Extract All" option from the context menu.
This will open a new window where you can choose the output location to put the files.</li>
<li>Alternatively, you can use a 3<sup>rd</sup> party GUI tool like 7-Zip or WinZip to do this as well.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Be sure that the ICU binary directory, (ex: <i><ICU></i><tt>\bin\</tt>), is
included in the <strong>PATH</strong> environment variable. The tests will
not work without the location of the ICU DLL files in the path.
Note that the binary directory name can depend on what architecture you select when you compile ICU.
For x86 or 32-bit builds, the binary directory is "<tt>bin</tt>". Whereas for x64 or 64-bit builds
the binary directory is "<tt>bin64</tt>".
</li>
<li>Open the "<i><ICU></i><tt>\source\allinone\allinone.sln</tt>" solution
file in 'Visual Studio 2017'. (This solution includes all the
International Components for Unicode libraries, necessary ICU building
tools, and the test suite projects). Please see the
<a href="#HowToBuildWindowsCommandLine">command line note below</a> if you want to
build from the command line instead.</li>
<li>If you are building using 'Visual Studio 2015' instead, or if you are building the UWP projects and you have a different
version of the Windows 10 SDK installed you will first need to modify the two "<tt>Build.Windows.*.props</tt>" files
in the "<tt>allinone</tt>" directory before you can open the "allinone" solution file.
Please see the notes below about <a href="#HowToUseOtherVSVersions">building with other versions of Visual Studio</a> and the
notes on <a href="#HowToRetargetTheWin10SDK">re-targeting the Windows 10 SDK for the UWP projects</a> for details. Alternatively,
you can <a href="#HowToSkipBuildingUWP">skip building the UWP projects</a> entirely as well.
</li>
<li>Set the active platform to "Win32" or "x64" (See <a href="#HowToBuildWindowsPlatform">Windows platform note</a> below)
and configuration to "Debug" or "Release" (See <a href="#HowToBuildWindowsConfig">Windows configuration note</a> below).</li>
<li>Choose the "Build" menu and select "Rebuild Solution". If you want to
build the Debug and Release at the same time, see the <a href=
"#HowToBuildWindowsBatch">batch configuration note</a> below.</li>
<li>Run the tests. They can be run from the command line or from within Visual Studio.
<h4>Running the Tests from the Windows Command Line (cmd)</h4>
<ul>
<li>The general syntax is:<br />
<div class="indent">
<tt><i><ICU></i>\source\allinone\icucheck.bat <i>Platform</i> <i>Configuration</i></tt>
</div>
</li>
<li>So, for example for x86 (32-bit) and Debug, use the following:<br />
<samp><i><ICU></i>\source\allinone\icucheck.bat <b>x86</b> <b>Debug</b></samp>
For x86 (32-bit) and Release:
<samp><i><ICU></i>\source\allinone\icucheck.bat <b>x86</b> <b>Release</b></samp>
For x64 (64-bit) and Debug:
<samp><i><ICU></i>\source\allinone\icucheck.bat <b>x64</b> <b>Debug</b></samp>
For x64 (64-bit) and Release:
<samp><i><ICU></i>\source\allinone\icucheck.bat <b>x64</b> <b>Release</b></samp>
</li>
</ul>
<h4>Running the Tests from within Visual Studio</h4>
<ol>
<li>Run the C++ test suite, "<tt>intltest</tt>". To do this: set the active startup
project to "intltest", and press Ctrl+F5 to run it. Make sure that it
passes without any errors.</li>
<li>Run the C test suite, "<tt>cintltst</tt>". To do this: set the active startup
project to "cintltst", and press Ctrl+F5 to run it. Make sure that it
passes without any errors.</li>
<li>Run the I/O test suite, "<tt>iotest</tt>". To do this: set the active startup
project to "iotest", and press Ctrl+F5 to run it. Make sure that it passes
without any errors.</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>You are now able to develop applications with ICU by using the
libraries and tools in <tt><i><ICU></i>\bin\</tt>. The headers are in
<tt><i><ICU></i>\include\</tt> and the link libraries are in
<tt><i><ICU></i>\lib\</tt>. To install the ICU runtime on a machine, or ship
it with your application, copy the needed components from
<tt><i><ICU></i>\bin\</tt> to a location on the system PATH or to your
application directory.</li>
</ol>
<p><a name="HowToUseOtherVSVersions" id="HowToUseOtherVSVersions">
<strong>Building with other versions of Visual Studio Note:</strong></a>
The particular version of the MSVC compiler tool-set (and thus the corresponding version of Visual Studio) that
is used to compile ICU is determined by the "<tt>PlatformToolset</tt>" property. This property is stored in two
different shared files that are used to set common configuration settings amongst the various ICU "<tt>*.vcxproj</tt>" project files.
For the non-UWP projects, this setting is in the shared file called "<tt>Build.Windows.ProjectConfiguration.props</tt>" located
in the "allinone" directory.
For the UWP projects, this setting is in the shared file called "<tt>Build.Windows.UWP.ProjectConfiguration.props</tt>", also
located in the "allinone" directory.
<br/>
The value of <tt>v140</tt> corresponds to the Visual Studio 2015 compiler tool set, whereas the value of
<tt>v141</tt> corresponds to the Visual Studio 2017 compiler tool set.
<br/>In order to build the non-UWP projects with Visual Studio 2015 you will need to modify the file
called "<tt>Build.Windows.ProjectConfiguration.props</tt>" to change the value of the <tt>PlatformToolset</tt> property.
Note however that Visual Studio 2017 is required for building the UWP projects.
</p>
<p>Please consider: Using older versions of the MSVC compiler is generally not recommended due to the improved support for the C++11 standard
in newer versions of the compiler.</p>
<p><a name="HowToRetargetTheWin10SDK" id="HowToRetargetTheWin10SDK">
<strong>Re-targeting the Windows 10 SDK for the UWP projects Note:</strong></a>
If the version of the Windows 10 SDK that you have installed does not match the version used by the UWP projects, then you
will need to "retarget" them to use the version of the SDK that you have installed instead.
There are two ways to do this:
<ul>
<li>In Visual Studio you can right-click on the UWP projects in the 'Solution Explorer' and select the
option 'Retarget Projects' from the context menu. This will open up a window where you can select the
SDK version to target from a drop-down list of the various SDKs that are installed on the machine.</li>
<li>Alternatively, you can manually edit the shared file called "<tt>Build.Windows.UWP.ProjectConfiguration.props</tt>"
which is located in the "allinone" directory. You will need to change the of the
"<tt>WindowsTargetPlatformVersion</tt>" property to the version of the SDK that you would like to use instead.</li>
</ul>
</p>
<p><a name="HowToBuildWindowsCommandLine" id=
"HowToBuildWindowsCommandLine"><strong>Using MSBUILD At The Command Line Note:</strong></a>
You can build ICU from the command line instead of using the Visual Studio GUI.
Assuming that you have properly installed Visual Studio to support command line building, you
should have a shortcut for the "Developer Command Prompt" listed in the Start Menu.
(For Visual Studio 2017 you will need to install the "Desktop development with C++" option).</p>
<ul>
<li>Open the "Developer Command Prompt" shortcut from the Start Menu. (This will open up a new command line window).</li>
<li>From within the "Developer Command Prompt" change directory (<tt>cd</tt>) to the ICU source directory.</li>
<li>You can then use either '<tt>msbuild</tt>' directly, or you can use the '<tt>devenv.com</tt>' command to build ICU.</li>
<li>Using <tt>MSBUILD</tt>:</li>
<ul class="no-left-margin">
<li>To build the 32-bit Debug version, use the following command line:<br/>
<code>'msbuild source\allinone\allinone.sln /p:Configuration=Debug /p:Platform=Win32'</code>.</li>
<li>To build the 64-bit Release version, use the following command line:<br/>
<code>'msbuild source\allinone\allinone.sln /p:Configuration=Release /p:Platform=x64'</code>.</li>
</ul>
<li>Using <tt>devenv.com</tt>:</li>
<ul class="no-left-margin">
<li>To build the 32-bit Debug version, use the following command line:<br/>
<code>'devenv.com source\allinone\allinone.sln /build "Debug|Win32"'</code>.</li>
<li>To build the 64-bit Release version, use the following command line:<br/>
<code>'devenv.com source\allinone\allinone.sln /build "Release|x64"'</code>.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<p><a name="HowToSkipBuildingUWP" id=
"HowToSkipBuildingUWP"><strong>Skipping the UWP Projects on the Command Line Note:</strong></a>
You can skip (or omit) building the UWP projects on the command line by passing the argument
'<code>SkipUWP=true</code>' to either MSBUILD or devenv.</p>
<ul>
<li>For example, using <tt>MSBUILD</tt>:</li>
<ul class="no-left-margin">
<li>To skip building the UWP projects with a 32-bit Debug build, use the following command line:<br/>
<code>'msbuild source\allinone\allinone.sln /p:Configuration=Debug /p:Platform=Win32 /p:SkipUWP=true'</code>.</li>
<li>To skip building the UWP projects with a 64-bit Release version, use the following command line:<br/>
<code>'msbuild source\allinone\allinone.sln /p:Configuration=Release /p:Platform=x64 /p:SkipUWP=true'</code>.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<p>You can also use Cygwin with the MSVC compiler to build ICU, and you can refer to the <a href=
"#HowToBuildCygwin">How To Build And Install On Windows with Cygwin</a>
section for more details.</p>
<p><a name="HowToBuildWindowsPlatform" id=
"HowToBuildWindowsPlatform"><strong>Setting Active Platform
Note:</strong></a> Even though you are able to select "x64" as the active platform, if your operating system is
not a 64 bit version of Windows, the build will fail. To set the active platform, two different possibilities are:</p>
<ul>
<li>Choose "Build" menu, select "Configuration Manager...", and select
"Win32" or "x64" for the Active Platform Solution.</li>
<li>Another way is to select the desired build configuration from "Solution
Platforms" dropdown menu from the standard toolbar. It will say
"Win32" or "x64" in the dropdown list.</li>
</ul>
<p><a name="HowToBuildWindowsConfig" id=
"HowToBuildWindowsConfig"><strong>Setting Active Configuration
Note:</strong></a> To set the active configuration, two different
possibilities are:</p>
<ul>
<li>Choose "Build" menu, select "Configuration Manager...", and select
"Release" or "Debug" for the Active Configuration Solution.</li>
<li>Another way is to select the desired build configuration from "Solution
Configurations" dropdown menu from the standard toolbar. It will say
"Release" or "Debug" in the dropdown list.</li>
</ul>
<p><a name="HowToBuildWindowsBatch" id="HowToBuildWindowsBatch"><strong>Batch
Configuration Note:</strong></a> If you want to build the Win32 and x64 platforms and
Debug and Release configurations at the same time, choose "Build" menu, and select "Batch
Build...". Click the "Select All" button, and then click the "Rebuild"